A cdna clone, designated amfaps1 10 bp, was isolated from callus culture derived from the leaf tissues of aquilaria microcarpa. A new species of aquilaria thymelaeaceae from vietnam. Aquilaria or agarwood thymelaeaceae has been reported has the potential for antidiabetic. Aquilaria trees are now protected in most countries and the collection of agarwood is illegal from natural forests. Aquilaria malaccensis, from india, and malaysia has lobes 2 3mm long. Pdf phylogenetic relatedness of several agarwoodproducing. Based on observations and measurements of the general characters, results indicated that the inoculated aquilaria microcarpa plants in carita banten had. Identifying aquilaria containing seed is the first step of cultivation. An appreciable increase in the transcriptional level of am. Media in category aquilaria malaccensis the following 7 files are in this category, out of 7 total. Pdf micropropagation of aquilaria malaccensis lamk. Agarwood seeds eaglewood aquilaria crassna for sale.
Here are two ficus microcarpa bonsai of small size. Pdf reliability of sonic tomography to detect agarwood in. The agar wood oil or aloe wood oil, known in the east as agar attar is obtained by distilling selected parts of the infected wood of aquilaria spp. How to grow a ficus bonsai ficus microcarpa bonsai grow a. Title plant resources of southeast asia publication author website. Soda pdf merge tool allows you to combine pdf files in seconds.
Aquilaria microcarpa was inoculated with two types of fusarium sp. They occur particularly in the rainforests of indonesia, thailand, cambodia, laos, vietnam, malaysia, northeast india, bangladesh, the philippines, borneo and new guinea. National germplasm resources laboratory, beltsville, maryland. Ficus trees are native to southeast asia and australia, where it is warm and humid most of the year. In the absence of population data, and the merging of additional species with the. In global market purest oudagarwood oil enjoys an exorbitant price tag owing to its mystical fragrance. Aquilaria malaccensis is the major source of agarwood, a resinous heartwood, used for perfume and incense. Check your miniature tree daily with a moisture meter or your finger to make sure the soil is not completely dry. A study on vegetative propagation of aquilaria microcarpa baill. This plants is now widely cultivated for its resin. Aquilaria crassna means woodperfume by the smell it releases. Review of significant trade aquilaria malaccensis cites.
This study examines the costs and benefits of planting aquilaria spp. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Aquilaria malaccensis agar wood, eaglewood, indian aloewood. Although the species is widespread, it occurs at low density. Forest research institute malaysia 351 journal of tropical forest science 23 355 2015 karlinasari l et al. Pdf aquilaria microcarpa is one of agarwoodproducing plants. Plants profile for ludwigia microcarpa smallfruit primrose. The plant list includes 49 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus aquilaria. Gc olfactory is used to identify odorcompounds which combine function of both. Fusarium is one of the pathogens that can be isolated from aquilaria trees that produce gaharu. Aquilaria microcarpa is a species of plant in the thymelaeaceae family.
The establishment of aquilaria plantation for agarwood production has been regarded by the planters as a green gold mine of the future. Aquilaria sinensis, from china, has lobes 8mm long. The resin is produced by the tree in response to infection by a parasitic ascomycetous mould, phaeoacremonium parasitica, 7 a dematiaceous darkwalled fungus. Aquilaria malaccensis agar wood, eaglewood indian aloewood at munnar 1. Aquilaria microcarpa is one of agarwoodproducing plants. More than one species of fusarium have been isolated. Barely do not see the mother plant under the canopy of the jungle, it is usually only see in light or edges forest. Allen it is currently found in the canopied, cypressdominated floodplain of lake hatchineha. This page was last edited on 11 december 2019, at 16. Both were taken from cuttings from one of my large ficus. Aquilaria microcarpa is one of aquilaria species that grows in indonesia. Commercial gaharu cultivation in sarawak commercial cultivation of gaharu in sarawak is gaining momentum and contributes to the livelihood of the local communities. The phytogeographical region for aquilaria malaccensiscomprises india, myanmar, sumatra, peninsular malaysia, singapore, borneo and the philippines.
They are also known to grow considerably quickly while developing strong root systems relatively swiftly. Artificial production of agarwood oil in aquilaria sp. Costs and benefits analysis of aquilaria species on. The author, who has done a great deal of research in borneo, has collected all sorts of information about the harvesting and trading of this commodity. International agreements, such as cites the convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora, accepted by 169 countries, is designed to ensure trade in agarwood products from wild trees does not. Aquilaria is a genus of fifteen species of trees, called lign aloes or lignaloes trees, in the family thymelaeaceae, native to southeast asia.
Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. We do not intend the plant list to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. Vegetative description of three aquilaria thymelaeaceae. Interaction of pathogenic fungi may cause physiological changes that have an impact to cells, tissues or organs of plants. Paul, mn 55108 usa 2the rainforest project foundation, olympia plein 38h, 1076 ad amsterdam, the netherlands abstract aquilaria and gyrinops are genera of tropical trees.
Phylogenetic relatedness of several agarwoodproducing. Jurgens1z and henry heuveling van beek2 1department of plant pathology, university of minnesota, st. Aloes wood, one of the most valuable forest products of the southeast asian forest, is a chemical reaction to fungi or to wounds by various species of aquilaria, most notably aquilaria malaccensis. Study on agarwood aquilaria malaccensis to evaluate. Identification of anatomical characteristics of aquilaria. Aquilaria beccariana are among species of agarwood that can be found in. The process of propagation takes place at the stage of seed maturation. Pdf merge combine pdf files free tool to merge pdf online. A number of other species are less important sources of agar wood, including some minor aquilaria spp. Lecomte from indochina and thailand and aquilaria sinensis lour. This report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of bachelor of science with honours in plant resource science and management.
Jul 06, 2018 genetic similarities among aquilaria sp. The criteria, parameters andor indicators used to prepare the nondetriment. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. I declare that this thesis entitled extraction of the essential oil of aquilaria malaccensis gaharu using hydrodistillation and solvent extraction methods is the result of my own research except as cited in the references.
Grey box, narrowleaved box, inland box lucid key server. There are fifteen species in the genus aquilaria of. The aquilaria crassna like the typical feralit soil or feralit grow on rocky mountain, or granite, medium soils or thin soils, moisture, ph 46. The resin is produced by the tree in response to infection by a parasitic ascomycetous mould, phaeoacremonium parasitica, a dematiaceous darkwalled fungus. Germplasm resources information network grin online database. The record derives from tropicos data supplied on 20120418 which reports it as an accepted name record 32000450 with original publication details. This page was last edited on 17 december 2019, at 05. Ocorre particularmente nas florestas da indonesia, tailandia, camboja, laos, vietna, malasia, india, filipinas, borneu e nova guine. Aquilaria microcarpa is a tree on the kalimantan island, particularly in east kalimantan which produces gaharu wood. They have always been in small pots so their growth has been slow. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Aquilaria malaccensis definition of aquilaria malaccensis. Learn more about the aquilaria with amazing aquilaria photos and facts on arkive.
Creating a new branch with fusion january 11, 2019 ficus microcarpa development of cuttings. Faculty of resource science and technology universiti malaysia sarawak. Aquilaria malaccensis karas di semenanjung malaysia, 2011. The resinous part called agarwood of genus aquilaria lam has been exploited as a source of incense by mankind since time immemorial besides its medicinal properties. Growing aquilaria and production of agarwood in hill agro. A study was conducted to evaluate the reliability of sonic tomography picus sonic tomography to detect agarwood within aquilaria microcarpa trees.
Scleria microcarpa lake hatchineha scleria microcarpa is a graminoid member of the sedge family, cyperaceae. Thymelaeaceae are the principal source of gaharu, a valuable resin, yet information about their reproductive ecology is almost entirely lacking. Interaction of pathogenic fungi may cause physiological changes that have an. Gaharu by using stem and branch cuttings method under different stock ages plant of aquilaria microcarpa and plant growth regulators pgr was carried out at the green house, east campus of university malaysia sarawak unimas. The selected flowers were examined after the cloth was opened to assess whether any fruit. General information aquilaria microcarpa is an evergreen tree that can grow up to 40 metres tall.
Agarwood, eaglewood, aloeswood, gharuwood or aquilaria crassna is a tropical plant of the family thymelaeaceae. Aquilaria malaccensis is an evergreen tree growing to 20 m 65ft by 8 m 26ft at a slow rate. Agarwood seeds are round in brown color and resemble those of the yew agarwood has the distinction of secreting a very fragrant resin. Pdf identification of morphological characters of aquilaria.
Agar wood is the rare and famous, resincontaining heartwood produced from old and diseased trees of several aquilaria species of which aquilaria malaccensis, aquilaria crassna pierre ex h. The aquilaria crassna blossoming in april, the fruit is ripening in the july. To date, five aquilaria species have been found in malaysia, viz. Vegetative propagation of aquilaria microcarpa baill. How to grow a ficus bonsai ficus microcarpa bonsai bonsai trees, ficus bonsai, indoor bonsai trees. International trade in agarwood and agarwood products. The plant list includes a further 1 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus aquilaria.
Three closely related species of aquilaria are considered to be the major sources of agar wood and are distinguished by the length of their calyx lobes aquilaria crassna, which comes from indochina, has lobes 12 15mm long. Karlinasari l, indahsuary n, kusumo ht, santoso e, turjaman m, nandika d. Interaction of pathogenic fungi may cause physiological changes that have an impact to. Fusarium inoculation causes disease or disturbance to the aquilaria tree. For shoot regeneration and multiplication, explants both of these aquilaria. An appreciable increase in the transcriptional level of amfaps1 was reproducibly.
Phylogenetic relatedness of several agarwoodproducing taxa. Its geographical distribution in peninsular malaysia is given in fig. Germplasm resources information network grin, 2007 2011, database version 2011 acquired. This gene contains an open reading frame encoding the protein of 342 amino acid residues with high homology to farnesyl diphosphate synthase from various plant sources. Aquilaria crassna the special aquilaria tree in asia. Pdf identification of anatomical characteristics of aquilaria. Growing aquilaria and production of agarwood in hill agroecosystems robert a. Dec 18, 2014 this page was last edited on 17 december 2019, at 05.
There are general laws that govern agarwood collection, processing, manufacturing and trade. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Aquilaria and gyrinops are the major genera with a total of six and seven. Aquilaria sinensis has been very heavily exploited and is listed as vulnerable by the iucn. The thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature of any degree. How to grow a ficus bonsai ficus microcarpa bonsai. Mar 19, 2017 watering ficus bonsai ficus microcarpa bonsai like to dry out a bit between watering, but make sure they do not dry out entirely. The growing of aquilaria in the hill agroecosystems of northern india and cultivation of agarwood as a crop using new technology could provide a new economy for the region. Gaharu also known as agarwood, eaglewood or aloeswood is the name for resinous, fragrant and highly valuable heartwood produced by aquilaria malaccensis and other species of the. The analysis shows that whether planting aquilaria spp. Ficus microcarpa melon seed progression of fused branch on left.
It is a large tree living in the tropical forests of southeast asia. The hpbgi was formed by the merger of 150 members of the association of gaharu indonesia. Following works on aquilaria include ridley and hutchinson 1924, and the revision by hou 1960. Historical information on aquilaria and agarwood agarwood is a resin filled wood produced in aquilaria and gyrinops trees with a long. Agarwood or gaharu is a valuable nontimber forest product that has unique aroma and is widely used in many cultures. Sonic and ultrasonic waves in agarwood trees aquilaria microcarpa inoculated with fusarium solani. Commercial gaharu cultivation in sarawak gaharu online.